Cause and Effect

 Istilah cause and effect atau sebab dan akibat adalah istilah yang sudah anda dengar sejak SD, tapi penggunaanya dapat dipakai hingga dunia kerja. Kalimat yang mengandung unsur sebab-akibat biasanya melibatkan sebuah kegiatan yang membuat sesuatu terjadi, dan akibat dari kegiatan tersebut.

Untuk lebih memahami penggunaan kalimat sebab akibat dalam bahasa inggris, simak penjelasan di bawah:

Cause

• (noun) seseorang atau sesuatu yang membuat sesuatu terjadi.

The cause of the flood was the massive of amount garbage thrown in the river. (Penyebab dari banjir itu adalah banyaknya sampah yang dibuang ke sungai.)

• (verb) sebuah kegiatan yang membuat sesuatu terjadi.

The massive amount of garbage thrown in the river caused the flood. (Banyaknya sampah yang dibuang ke sungai menyebabkan banjir ini.)

Effect

• (noun) sebuah perubahan yang merupakan hasil dari sebuah kegiatan atau sebab.

The rain had an effect on her mood. (Hujan mempunyai pengaruh pada mood-nya.)

Affect

Ketika effect digunakan sebagai verb, kata tersebut berubah menjadi affect.

• (verb) untuk menghasilkan sebuah efek; menyebabkan terjadinya sesuatu.

The rain affected his mood. (Hujan mempengaruhi mood-nya.)

Kalimat Sebab-akibat dalam Bahasa Inggris

Anda biasanya dapat dengan mudah mengidentifikasi kalimat yang mengandung hubungan sebab-akibat bila dalam kalimat tersebut terdapat kata atau frasa seperti:

• Due to
• Because of
• Owing to
• Thanks to
• As a consequence of
• As a result of
• Because
• Since
• As
• For
• etc.

Untuk mengekspresikan cause dan effect dalam bahasa inggris, kalimat atau frasa di atas biasanya akan diikuti dengan kata benda (noun) atau kata kerja (verb).

Kalimat sebab-akibat yang diikuti oleh noun

Kata sebab akibat yang diikuti dengan noun atau noun phrase biasanya menggunakan kata atau frasa (signal word/phase) seperti :

• Because of
• Thanks to
• As a result of
• Due to
• As a consequence of
• Owing to

Di contoh berikutnya noun atau noun phrase akan digaris bawahi. Sebab atau cause selalu ditulis setelah frasa sebab-akibat (signal word/phase) seperti contoh di atas. Di bawah ini adalah pola yang biasa digunakan:

Signal word/phrase	+	Cause	+	Effect
atau
Effect	+	Signal word/phrase	+	Cause

Contoh:

1. Due to Bella’s nervousness, she did not pass the driving test.

Karena kegugupan Bella, dia tidak lulus ujian menyetir.

• Signal phrase: due to
• Cause: Bella’s nervousness
• Effect: She did not pass the driving test

2. He’s always late because of his gaming habits

Dia selalu telat karena kebiasaan bermain game-nya.

• Signal phrase: Because of
• Cause: His gaming habits
• Effect : He’s always late

3. As a result of the rain, we canceled the outing.

Karena hujan, kita membatalkan pikinik itu.

• Signal phrase: As a result of
• Cause: the rain
• Effect : we canceled the outing

4. Dennis could not sing owing to his sore throat

Dennis tidak bisa bernyanyi karena sakit tenggorakanya

• Signal phrase: owing to
• Cause: his sore throat
• Effect : Dennis could not sing
  

5. She was dismissed as a consequence of her ignorance

Dia diberhentikan karena ketidaktahuanya.

• Signal phrase: as a consequence of
• Cause: her ignorance
• Effect : She was dismissed

Kalimat sebab-akibat yang diikuti oleh verb

Kata sebab akibat yang diikuti dengan subjek + verb atau verb phrasebiasanya menggunakan kata atau frasa (signal word/phase) seperti :

• Because
• Since
• As
• For

Di contoh berikutnya subjek + verb atau verb phrase akan digaris bawahi. Sebab atau cause selalu ditulis setelah frasa sebab-akibat (signal word/phase) seperti contoh di atas. Di bawah ini adalah pola yang biasa digunakan:

Signal word/phrase	+	Cause	+	Effect
atau
Effect	+	Signal word/phrase	+	Cause

Contoh:

1. Because Bella was nervous, she did not pass the driving test

Karena Bella gugup, dia tidak lulus ujian tes mengemudi.

• Signal phrase: because
• Cause: Bella was nervous
• Effect: She did not pass the driving test

2. He’s always late because he always stay up at night

Dia selalu telat karena dia selalu begadang

• Signal phrase: Because
• Cause: he always stay up at night
• Effect : He’s always late
  

3. The outing was canceled since it’s raining

Piknik itu dibatalkan karena hujan.

• Signal phrase: since
• Cause: it’s raining
• Effect : the outing was canceled

4. Dennis could not sing for his throat is sore

Dennis tidak bisa bernyanyi karena sakit tenggorakanya

• Signal phrase: for
• Cause: his throat is sore
• Effect : Dennis could not sing
  

5. She was dismissed as a consequence of her ignorance

Dia diberhentikan karena ketidaktahuanya.

• Signal phrase: as a consequence of
• Cause: her ignorance
• Effect : She was dismisse

Exercise page (79-80)

Answer :

Cause and Effect

A.

1. Early man used weapons because they needed to find food.  

Cause : they needed to find food   

Effect : Early man used weapons  

signal word or phrase: because   

2. The glaciers began to melt; therefore, the land bridge between Asia and North America became flooded.  

Cause : The glaciers began to melt

Effect : the land bridge between Asia and north America became flooded.  

signal word or phrase: therefore

3. Because they wanted to learn about different civilizations that existed, archaeologists studied artifacts.  

Cause : they wanted to learn about different civilizations that existed

Effect : archaeologists studied artifacts

signal word or phrase: because

4. Early man slowly started to grow food, and as a result, their lives became easier.  

Cause : early man slowly started to grow food

Effect : their lives became easier.  

signal word or phrase: and as a result

5. My sister was very tired because she stayed up past midnight

Cause : she stayed up past midnight

Effect : my sister was very tired  

signal word or phrase: because

B.  

2. Cause: She ate too much

   Effect: She got stomach ache

   Sentence: She ate too much so she got stomach ache

3. Cause: I ran out money

   Effect: I borrow my friend's money  

   Sentence: Because I ran out money, I borrow my friend's money  

4. Cause: He is afraid to fly

   Effect: He will go to Jakarta by bus

   Sentence: He is afraid to fly so he will go to Jakarta by bus

 5. Cause:Animals habitats got destroyed byhumans

     Effect:Animals entering human habitatsbecause human destroying their habitats

Video

And this is video cause and effect dialogue with my friend, kelvin

In my youtube : https://youtu.be/9grMgX4D6TI

Dialogue 

Iqna    : Hey, did you see the fallen tree on the road nearby?

Kelvin : Yes. Why did it fall?

Iqna    : That old tree fell and got in the way because it rained heavily last night.

Kelvin : Oh, it rained heavily? I didn’t know that. I just got back from my grandparents’ house this morning.

Iqna    : Yes. The electricity also went out due to the heavy rain and strong wind.

Kelvin : I would have been scared if I had stayed at home.

Thank You Everyone !! 🥰❤️